ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim was to compare the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 adult patients during the pandemic period versus the previous two years. Also, we described the characteristics of both cohorts of patients in pandemic period to find differences. Material and methods: Retrospective study in our tertiary-care centre reviewing S. aureus bacteremia episodes in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients through clinical records and the Microbiology Department database. Results: In 2018 and 2019, the incidence of S. aureus bacteremia episodes was 1.95 and 1.63 per 1000 admissions respectively. In the pandemic period, global incidence was 1.96 episodes per 1000 non-COVID-19 admissions and 10.59 episodes per 1000 COVID-19 admissions. A total of 241 bacteremia was registered during this pandemic period in 74 COVID-19 patients and in 167 non-COVID-19 patients. Methicillin resistance was detected in 32.4% and 13.8% of isolates from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients respectively. In COVID-19 patients, mortality rates were significantly higher. Conclusions: We showed a significantly high rates of S. aureus bacteremia incidence in COVID-19 patients and higher methicillin resistance and 15-day mortality rates than in non-COVID-19 patients.
Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de bacteriemias por Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes adultos COVID-19 y no-COVID-19 durante la pandemia frente a los 2 años previos. Además, describimos las características de ambas cohortes en periodo pandémico para encontrar diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en nuestro centro de tercer nivel a través de historias clínicas y la base de datos del Servicio de Microbiología. Resultados: En 2018 y 2019, la incidencia de bacteriemias fue de 1.95 y 1,63 casos por cada 1.000 ingresos respectivamente. En pandemia, la incidencia global fue de 1,96 casos por cada 1.000 ingresos no-COVID-19 y de 10,59 casos por cada 1.000 ingresos COVID-19. Durante la pandemia se registraron 241 bacteriemias en 74 pacientes COVID-19 y en 167 pacientes no-COVID-19. La resistencia a meticilina se detectó en el 32,4 y 13,8% de los aislados de pacientes COVID-19 y no-COVID-19 respectivamente. En pacientes COVID-19 la mortalidad fue significativamente mayor. Conclusiones: Mostramos una incidencia significativamente alta de bacteriemias por S. aureus en pacientes COVID-19, así como mayores tasas de resistencia a meticilina y mortalidad a los 15 días que en pacientes no-COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de bacteriemias por Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes adultos COVID-19 y no-COVID-19 durante la pandemia frente a los dos años previos. Además, describimos las características de ambas cohortes en periodo pandémico para encontrar diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en nuestro centro de tercer nivel a través de historias clínicas y la base de datos del Servicio de Microbiología. Resultados: En 2018 y 2019, la incidencia de bacteriemias fue de 1,95 y 1,63 casos por 1.000 ingresos respectivamente. En pandemia, la incidencia global fue de 1,96 casos por 1.000 ingresos no-COVID-19 y de 10,59 casos por 1.000 ingresos COVID-19. Durante la pandemia se registraron 241 bacteriemias en 74 pacientes COVID-19 y en 167 pacientes no-COVID-19. La resistencia a meticilina se detectó en el 32,4% y 13,8% de los aislados de pacientes COVID-19 y no-COVID-19 respectivamente. En pacientes COVID-19 la mortalidad fue significativamente mayor. Conclusiones: Mostramos una incidencia significativamente alta de bacteriemias por S. aureus en pacientes COVID-19, así como mayores tasas de resistencia a meticilina y mortalidad a los 15 días que en pacientes no-COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 adult patients during the pandemic period versus the previous two years. Also, we described the characteristics of both cohorts of patients in pandemic period to find differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study in our tertiary-care centre reviewing S. aureus bacteremia episodes in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients through clinical records and the Microbiology Department database. RESULTS: In 2018 and 2019, the incidence of S. aureus bacteremia episodes was 1.95 and 1.63 per 1000 admissions respectively. In the pandemic period, global incidence was 1.96 episodes per 1000 non-COVID-19 admissions and 10.59 episodes per 1000 COVID-19 admissions. A total of 241 bacteremia was registered during this pandemic period in 74 COVID-19 patients and in 167 non-COVID-19 patients. Methicillin resistance was detected in 32.4% and 13.8% of isolates from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients respectively. In COVID-19 patients, mortality rates were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: We showed a significantly high rates of S. aureus bacteremia incidence in COVID-19 patients and higher methicillin resistance and 15-day mortality rates than in non-COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , COVID-19 , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections , Adult , Humans , Staphylococcus aureus , Retrospective Studies , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the reference laboratory method to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection then requires equipment and is time-consuming. There is a crucial demand for rapid techniques such as antigen detection test. Considering the different diagnostic accuracy of tests with other respiratory viruses in adults and children, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test must be evaluated specifically in children. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (Abbott) as a point-of-care test for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to RT-qPCR in a pediatric population. RESULTS: Four hundred forty nasopharyngeal swabs were tested. Amongst the 18 positive RT-qPCR samples, 14 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 77.7%. All the samples detected positive with the antigen rapid test were also positive with RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device is lower in children than in adults. Nevertheless, considering the good values of specificity, negative and positive predictive values this test could be used as a frontline test to obtain quick results, although the negative values with COVID-19 high clinical suspicion should be confirmed using RT-qPCR.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing , COVID-19 Serological Testing , COVID-19/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Point-of-Care Testing , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for rapid detection of specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 in different human specimens have been developed in response to the pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate three immunocromathographic assays (Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus®) for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum samples, considering RT-qPCR as a reference. A total of 145 serum samples from 145 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were collected: all of the samples were tested with Sienna®, 117 with Wondfo® and 89 with Prometheus®. The overall results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value obtained were as follows: 64.4%, 75%, 85.5% and 47.8% with Sienna®; 45.2%, 81.8%, 80.5% and 47.4% with Wondfo® and 75.5%, 12.5%, 51.4% and 29.4% with Prometheus®. The accuracy of the test for Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus® was 67.6%, 59% and 47.2%, with a prevalence of COVID-19 of 69.7%, 62.4% and 55.1% respectively. Sensitivity of the three tests (Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus® respectively) along the three different stages was 36.6%, 18.8% and 68.6% in the early stage (first week); 81.3%, 74.1% and 90.9% in the intermediate stage (second week) and 100%, 83.3% and 100% in the late stage (third week). The results demonstrate that even though Prometheus® presented a high sensitivity, the specificity was notably lower than the other two tests. Sienna® showed the greatest contrast between sensitivity and specificity, achieving the best accuracy, followed by Wondfo®. The sensitivity of the three ICT assays was higher in late stages of the disease.